1. L-asparagine-l-tartaric acid (1/1).
V Hema, P L Nilantha Lakshman, J Kalyana Sundar, J Suresh, S Natarajan. Acta Crystallogr Sect E Struct Rep Online. 2010 Aug 11; 66(Pt 9): o2239. DOI: 10.1107/S1600536810030771. PMID: 21588606.
In the title compound, C(4)H(8)N(2)O(3)·C(4)H(6)O(6), the amino acid mol-ecule exists as a zwitterion and the carb-oxy-lic acid in an un-ionized state. The tartaric acid mol-ecules are linked into layers parallel to the ab plane by O-H⋯O hydrogen bonds. The amino acid mol-ecules are also linked into layers parallel to the ab plane by N-H⋯O and C-H⋯O hydrogen bonds. The alternating tartaric acid and amino acid layers are linked into a three-dimensional framework by N-H⋯O and O-H⋯O hydrogen bonds.
2. Enantiomeric tartaric acid production using cis-epoxysuccinate hydrolase: history and perspectives.
Yingang Feng, Jinsong Xuan. Molecules. 2019 Mar 5; 24(5): 903. DOI: 10.3390/molecules24050903. PMID: 30841503.
Tartaric acid is an important chiral chemical building block with broad industrial and scientific applications. The enantioselective synthesis of l(+)- and d(-)-tartaric acids has been successfully achieved using bacteria presentingcis-epoxysuccinate hydrolase (CESH) activity, while the catalytic mechanisms of CESHs were not elucidated clearly until very recently. As biocatalysts, CESHs are unique epoxide hydrolases because their substrate is a small, mirror-symmetric, highly hydrophilic molecule, and their products show very high enantiomeric purity with nearly 100% enantiomeric excess. In this paper, we review over forty years of the history, process and mechanism studies of CESHs as well as our perspective on the future research and applications of CESH in enantiomeric tartaric acid production.
3. Isolation of penicillium expansum wh-3 for the production of l(+)-tartaric acid.
Hang Chen, Hong-Xiu Liao, Shi-Wang Liu, Yi Chen, Yong Liu, Wen-Na Bao. J Zhejiang Univ Sci B. 2020 Oct.; 21(10): 835-840. DOI: 10.1631/jzus.B2000269. PMID: 33043648.
The L(+)-form of tartaric acid (L(+)-TA) exists extensively in nature, and is widely used in the food, chemical, textile, building, and pharmaceutical industries (Su et al., 2001). The main method for L(+)-TA production is microbial transformation by cis-epoxysuccinate hydrolase (CESH), which can catalyze the asymmetric hydrolysis of cis-epoxysuccinic acid or its salts to TA or tartrate (Bao et al., 2019). Seventeen species containing CESH have been isolated so far. However, most species for L(+)-TA production have been reported from bacteria (Xuan and Feng, 2019). The only fungus isolated from soil by our lab recently, that could be used as catalyst for the process under acidic condition, is Aspergillus niger WH-2 (Bao et al., 2020). In order to find strains with new characteristics, this study attempted to isolate a new CESH source from fungi and investigate its application value.
